ABSTRACT
Currently, wastewater treatment and energy recovery as the main applications of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are limited to the laboratory scale. Biofilm-electrode interfaces, configurational and electrochemical constraints, and a multidisciplinary approach to environmental electrochemistry and biotechnology all hinder scaling up of MFC for exclusively these two applications. Field demonstration of MFC is a significant indicator of MFC technology’s performance in real-world applications. Through expanding the function of small-scale MFCs for diverse applications, e.g., remote sensing and powering low-energy devices, bench-top MFC models can be transformed into field applications. This chapter discusses these applications of MFC technology and how they can be applied and commercialized in the future. With advancement toward practical application, MFC has the potential to be a sustainable and green competent technology against conventional power-supplying methods in the near future.